Study On The Us Stores Takeover Of Morrisons Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1720 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? The US Stores market performance is unsatisfied. The share price and P/E ratio of the firm have been dropping. The company intends to carry out a strategy to expand world-wide markets by acquiring a major UK retailer. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Study On The Us Stores Takeover Of Morrisons Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Merger and acquisition is one of the approaches to achieve the corporate strategies, such as expanse the market share and proportion of products. In this takeover proposal, the motives for US Stores takeover are investigated from different aspects. The fair valuation of quasi-acquired company is evaluated to determine the maximum offer price. Finally, the proposal investigates the corporate takeover bids and methods of payment. Introduction The US Stores market performance is not satisfactory. The share price and P/E ratio of the firm have been dropping. The corporate strategy is to expand world-wide markets by acquiring a major UK retailer. Merger and acquisition is one of the approaches to achieve corporate strategies, such as expanse the market share and proportion of products. Other strategies, such as organic growth, establishment of joint ventures, and co-alliance, among which I suggest MA, because it provides an economic way to entry the European market and acquisition activity is a efficient growth mechanism in the retail industry. One major UK retailer has been chosen as the target company, considering the following reasons: 1) from the global perspective, British retailers generally have moderate or small size; 2) ownership and management are concentrated; 3) domestic market oriented; and 4) excellent cash earning ability. This takeover proposal is structured as below. Section 2 refers to the motives f or US Stores takeover. Section 3 describes the valuation of a quasi-acquired company. Finally, section 4 investigates the corporate takeover bids and methods of payment. Motivation The scale of cross-border merger is growing significantly during the 1990s, which aided by globalization and deregulation in the last two decades. By summarizing the previous literatures, Berkovitch and Narayanan (1993) category plenty of hypotheses into three major groups: the synergy motive, the agency motive, and hubris motives. Besides, the motivation of cross-border merger in retail industry has its own characteristics. 1) Synergies The primary motivation in taking over UK retailer is to achieve synergies. It is defined as the reactions that take place when two elements combine together to produce a more significant effect than the sum of the effects of two parts (Gaughan, 2007).An empirical investigation made by Berkovitch and Narayanan (1993) summarizes that the synergy motive suggests that takeovers occur because of economic gains that result by merging the resources of the two firms. Friedrich Trauiwein (1990) proposes an efficiency theory, which suggests that shareholders of the bidder will benefit from MA through synergies. It is believed that US Stores takeover project will enhance its operating and financial economies of scale and increase its market shares and market image. 2) Market Extension Taking over a firm in the same industry will result in an increase in its market share and consequently have a crucial impact on the bidders market power (Gaughan, 2007). Robert S. Stillman (1983) argues that, according to a more concentrated industry, the product prices may raise after horizontal mergers, which brings about an increase of bidders equity values. Consequently, the firms share value in the affected industry will increase. Trauiweins monopoly theory defines mergers and acquisition as being executed and projected to obtain a market power. According to this theory, the US Stores Inc can aim at simultaneously limiting competition in more than one market. The prospects of US Stores growth opportunity in North America is unoptimistic, and takeover a major UK retailer which can provide an efficient entry to European retail market and the chance of expanding its global market power is an sensible corporate growth strategy . 3) Growth US Stores takes a strategy to expand its economic scale for the purpose of business growth. Expansion through MA is more efficient than internal organic growth. Merger and acquisition, which compared with internal organic growth, is a convenient way to control the trend of market production and consumption. MA is a very ordinary characteristic of modern business activity and MA form a primary motive force for the growth of firms (Michael Firth, 1979). 4) Management Motives Cross-border takeover creates numbers of new business opportunities (Healy et al. 1990, 23) and make the entrance to world-wide markets an easy way (Black, Carnes and Jandik, 2001). In addition, cross-border takeovers gain a effect on reputation enhancement, cost reduction, value maximization, earnings volatility reduction, and international diversification. Valuation The Selection of Target Company Wm Morrison Supermarkets plc is the fourth largest chain of supermarkets in the United Kingdom. Morrisons market share is at 11.8%. We choose Morrisons as our Target Company, rather than Sainsbury plc or Marks and Spencer plc, according to the following factors: First, Under-leveraged companies are attractive targets since the bidder can issue debt to finance its takeover. Shown from the table below, the D/E ratio of Sainsbury and MS is 129% and 258% separately, which is significantly higher than Morrisons. The Sainsbury pension fund is a big liability, which will prevent Sainsbury from being acquired to some extent. Secondly, companies which have adequate amounts of cash and liquid assets will be potential takeover targets, because the bidder can payoff its costs with the target companys liquid assets once obtain the control power. According to the of Morrisons annual report and financial statement, the cash from operating activities increased by  £208m (24%) which refl ects the strong profit generation of the Group from increased turnover and good profit conversion, combined with cost control throughout the business and improved working capital management. Thirdly, the P/E ratio of Morrisons is lower than industry average P/E ratio. The EPS will increase if a company with higher P/E ratio takes over a company whose P/E ratio is lower. Fourthly, firms can be successfully acquired if they have a higher proportion of institutional shareholdings. The proportion of Morrisons private shareholders is much less than institutional shareholders. Assumption Beta: Assume Morrisons beta is 0.737, provided by Bloomberg web site, is reasonable. Bond price: Using Safeways bond yield as Morrisons bond price, which is 4.2%. The interest rate on 10-year government bond is 4.05%. Using CAMP to calculate Morrisons cost of equity. Taking 10-year government bond interest rate as risk-free rate. Assume that the market rate of return is 10.3%. According to Ibbotson Associates, the SP has returned an average of 10.3 percent a year. WACC: Using the the total market value of share capital as Morrisons total equity and market value of debt as total debt when calculate the cost of capital. Growth rate: Assume Morrisons growth rate is in line with 10-year government bond interest rate. When calculate the value of the firm, the cost of capital is the WACC. Assume that the FCF will grow at a constant rate. If US stores Inc purchases Morrisons, Morrisons sales will increase 2% per year faster than 4% for the next 5 years. Due to cost-saving s ynergies, the CoGS ratio will be reduced by 1% perpetually. Capex: the capital expenditure of 2009 is  £678m, which is much higher than its historical average level. Assume the capital expenditure is the average of recent three years. Capital expenditure = ( £678 m +  £410 m + £269 m) / 3 =  £425 m Taking the motivation for US Stores takeover, Morrisons corporate governance structure, and the side effects of hostile takeover into consideration, agreed bid is suggested. If the takeover of Morrisons fails to agree, the bidder should then go directly to the targets shareholders. In this case, a hostile takeover is going to be carried out. The market value of Morrisons is  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¡7825.972 m, the maximum premium on pre-bid price is 20%, and the maximum price US Stores willing to pay is  ¿Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¡9.391.166 m. There are five reasons to determine that friendly bid should be our choice: 1. The fair value of the firm plus the synergies is  £8519 m, which is not much higher than market value. The premium that range from 25% to 45% paid for a hostile takeover will offset the synergies. In this case, the long-term performance of the bidder will be affected by the value-decreasing. Signal effect: security offer and cash offer have different signaling implications. Literature on share-for-share offer shows a negative stock price reaction to new common stock offerings. Nickolaos G. Travlos (1987) show his result of an empirical study, which indicate that bidding firms suffer significant losses in pure stock exchange acquisitions, but they obtain normal returns in cash offers. According to Myers and Majluf model, the market participants regard a cash offer as good news and a share-for-share offer as bad news about the bidding firms fair value. Faccio and Masulis (2005) argue that when a security offer is made, the market interprets it as a signal that the shares are overvalued. In that case, the share price will drop. Announce ment effect: Similar to signal effect, security offer is associated with negative price movement after the announcement (Faccio and Masulis, 2005). Security offers become less attractive to US Stores as P/E ratio will drop down (Nickolaos G. Travlos, 1987). Cash offer is chosen as payment method and there will bring an increase in price-earnings ratios. Petzemas (2008) finds that cash payment acquisitions usually outperform stock payment acquisitions. The difficulties US Stores Inc faces are that the earnings are held up well, but the share price and P/E ratio have been dropping constantly. And the market prospect is not optimistic. In this situation, the cash offer signals a high valuation of the corporation (Fishman, 1989). In order to enhance its market share price and P/E ratio, the US Stores Inc is proposed to purchase by cash. Long-term Performance studied by Loughran and Vijh shows that thecash offer gains a positive long-term return and shares offer gains a negative ab normal return. The US Stores Inc cross-border acquisition is proposed for the following motivations: taking over UK retailer to achieve synergies; increase its market share and market power; for the purpose of business growth; and other management motivations. US Stores Inc choose Morrisons as its target among Sainsbury and MS by evaluating its leverage, assets liquidity and composition of shareholders. And valuate its cost of capital, fair value and synergy value. Taking the motivation for US Stores takeover, Morrisons corporate governance, and the side effects of hostile takeover into consideration, agreed bid is suggested. And depend on the bidders purpose and financial position, the target shareholders preference and market perceptions, payment in cash should be an appropriate method.

John Updike’s A P, Richard Wright’s The Man Who Was...

John Updike’s â€Å"A P,† Richard Wright’s â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man,† and James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† Stories about youth and the transition from that stage of life into adulthood form a very solidly populated segment of literature. In three such stories, John Updike’s â€Å"A P,† Richard Wright’s â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man,† and James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby†, young men face their transitions into adulthood. Each of these boys faces a different element of youth that requires a fundamental shift in their attitudes. Sammy, in â€Å"AP†, must make a moral decision about his associations with adult institutions that mistreat others. Dave, in â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man,† struggles with the idea that what defines a man is physical power. The narrator of†¦show more content†¦Sammy, however, surprises us, just like the story does. His immediate infatuation with the girls and everything they represented (the youth he was quickly denying himself by being tied at such a young age to the very adult world of work) quic kly brought him to realize that his life was still that of a young person. What he thinks is an act of bravery, which will certainly be awarded with the attentions of â€Å"Queenie†, turns out to be a solo act of personal assertion. Just when Sammie thinks his life is ending, it is truly just beginning. Richard Wright’s story, â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man†, is also a story of a youthful ignorance of the actual complexities of the world. To Dave, the main character of the story, getting a gun will make all the difference in his becoming a man, musing â€Å"Shucks, a man oughta hava little gun aftah he done worked hard all day†¦.†(923) Just as the youth of the girls in AP, are the central symbol of that story, the gun is the central literary symbol of Wright’s. With a gun in his hand, Dave is convinced that his fears will disappear, that he will become powerful and honored. Just as Updike demonstrates with Sammy, Wright shows us that Dave is both naà ¯ve and misguided. From the first, Dave demonstrates his childishness in his very strategy to get the gun. He speculates, sounding quite immature, that his mother will give him a gun. He is subsequently childish in his handling, or mishandling, of the old revolver. As heShow MoreRelatedANALIZ T EXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesresolved is one within the protagonist’s psyche or personality. External conflict may reflect a basic opposition between man and nature (such as in Jack London’s famous short story â€Å"To Build a Fire† or Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea†) or between man and society (as in Richard Wright’s â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man†). It may also take the form of an opposition between man and man (between the protagonist and a human adversary, the antagonist), as, for example, in most detective fiction. Internal

Index Methodology of Dse Free Essays

string(40) " will be allowed during VECTOR session\." A stock market index is a number that indicates the relative level of prices or value of securities in a market on a particular day compared with a base-day figure, which is usually 100 or 1000. There are many different ways of constructing an index. One of the most common methods is illustrated by the following simple example. We will write a custom essay sample on Index Methodology of Dse or any similar topic only for you Order Now The values of a market portfolio at the close of trading on Day 1 and Day 2 are recorded below: | |Value of portfolio |Index | |DAY1 |Tk 20,000 |1000 | |(base day) | | | |Day 2 |Tk 30,000 |1500 | We take Day 1 as the base day. The index on that day will be taken as a standard.The value assigned to the base day index is 1000 in this example. On Day 2 the value of the portfolio has changed from Tk 20,000 to Tk 30,000, a 50% increase. Therefore, the value of the index on Day 2 will change to indicate a corresponding 50% increase in market value. The computation follows the procedure below: Day 2’s portfolio value Day 2’s index = ————————— * Base Day’s index Base Day’s portfolio value Tk 30,000 = ———– * 1000 Tk 20,000 =1500Day 2’s index is 1500 as compared to the 1000 of day 1. The above illustration only serves as an introduction to how a particular index is constructed. The daily computation of an index is more involved especially when there are changes in market capitalization of constituent stocks, e. g. , rights offers, stock dividend etc. The primary objective of constructing market indices is to measure the performance of the market. The indices provide vital information about the current and historical behavior of the market.Index Calculation Algorithm (according to IOSCO Index Methodology): Yesterday’s Closing Index X Current M. Cap Current Index = ————————————————————–   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Opening M. Cap Yesterday’s Closing Index X Closing M. Cap Closing Index = ————————————————————–   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Opening M. Cap Current M. Cap = ? ( LTP X Total no. of indexed shares ) Closing M. Cap = ? ( CP X Total no. of indexed shares ) Abbreviations and Acronyms M.Cap   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Market Capitalization DSE      Ã‚   – Dhaka Stock Exchange IOSCO – International Organization of Securities Exchange Commissions (IOSCO) LTP   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Last Traded Price CP   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Closing Price DSE Share Price Index: |Sl. No |Index Name |Base Index |Remarks | |1 |DSI (all shares) |350 (as on 01-11-1993) |   | |2 |DGEN |817. 3704 (as on 24-11-2001) |SEC directive regarding index was on | | |(A, B, G ; N) | |17-11-2001 | |3 |DS20 |1000 (as on 01-01-2001) |   | DSE introduced the DSE-20 index from January 1, 2001 comprising the blue-chip shares with a base index of 1000 as on January 1, 2000. Since then, the index has been revised on two occasions, once in 2002 and later in 2004.The companies which are placed under the index currently are Square Pharmaceuticals, Islami Bank Bangladesh, Prime Bank, British American Tobacco, Beximco Pharmaceuticals, Southeast Bank, Dhaka Bank, National Bank, Square Textiles, Bata Shoe, BOC Bangladesh, Singer Bangladesh, ACI Ltd, Uttara Finance, Meghna Cement, Bangladesh Lamps, AMCL (Pran), Monno Ceramic, Apex Tannery and GQ Ball Pen. Apart from DSE-20, the prime bourse of the country has two other indices namely DSE general index or DGEN and all share price index or DSI.The benchmark index-DGEN- excludes companies of Z-category and is calculated on the basis of price movement of individual stocks. On the other hand, DSI includes all securities and is calculated on the basis of price movement of individual stocks. DSE-25, the revised index of the blue-chip shares of Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) was launched on trial basis on July 19 2010. DSE -25 reflected the price movement of the top companies in a more accurate way. The DSE-25 included new companies from IT, insurance and service sectors for the first time since the inception of DSE-20 from January 2001.Meanwhile, DSE had also completed sector-wise index comprising 16 sectors. The sectors are bank, investment, fuel ; power, food, engineering, cement, insurance, IT, jute, paper ; printing, ceramic, tannery, pharmaceutical, textile, service ; real estate and miscellaneous. The new criteria of DSE-25 index are earning per share, minimum market capitalisation worth Tk 200 million, retaining minimum 30 per cent shares in public hand, minimum payment of 10 per cent dividend for the last three consecutive years and 95 per cent trading days in the last six months.Good corporate governance, regular holding of annual general meetings and sectoral representation are the other key qualifications for becoming eligible for inclusion in the index. CSE share price index: A good market representative index should involve: †¢ Scientific calculation formulas with clear adjustment procedure †¢ Logical scrip selection criteria †¢ Distinct base date †¢ Meaningful base value The only index the CSE has been maintaining since 10th October 1995 is a ALL SHARE PRICE INDEX using Chained Paasche method.It faces question of clarity. This index was subject to unusual ups and downs and without a distinct base value. Therefore in need of a clean slate CSE finds the date 1 January 2000 is the best date to start new Indices: An All Share Price Index with new formula and base date 30th December 1999 (the last day of the year) and new base index of thousand (to mark the millenium) will replace the existing one and A completely new Selective Index incorporating 30 scrips with base date 30th December 1999 and base index 1000.We have studied index of a number of bourses and found that the Laspayers Method to calculate index is regarded as the most transparent and scientific method. The method is described below in this write-up. The following conditions will be followed while calculating the All Share Price Index: †¢ All Share Price Index does not necessarily mean that all the listed stocks should be considered for calculating the index. Inactive stocks not being traded for consecutive six months will not be conside red in the calculation. †¢ Only the active scrips will be considered for calculating the index. Mutual Funds and Debt securities will not be considered in calculating index. †¢ A newly listed scrip will be included in the index after five consecutive trading days. †¢ Only normal trades should be considered in calculating index. †¢ All share price index will be calculated only once in a day – after the trading hour in the on line system. †¢ No changes in number of shares will be allowed during VECTOR session. You read "Index Methodology of Dse" in category "Papers" †¢ Index committee will review the index – its criteria, performance, calculation method after every six month. †¢ Index Base Date is 30th December 1999 †¢ Base Day index 1000 †¢ CSE selective index (cse – 30)At the beginning of new millennium a selective Index will be introduced, which is found to be very popular in almost all the developed exchanges worldwide. Here the selection criteria play a very important role in forming an index. Criteria for a Selective Index: It provides a discussion about the important criterion for an index, which is to be used as a benchmark of performance. The criterion is that the movement of the index fully represents the aggregate movement of the index’s constituent assets and that the index’s returns are realizable by an investor who has held a portfolio identical to the asset mix of the index.Value-Weighted Index satisfies the above criterion. Selection of stocks for the benchmark index should be such that it represents the whole market. In addition it will be guaranteed that the constituent stocks have high percentage coverage of the market in terms of market value. This will make it difficult if not possible for a few investors to manipulate the movement of the index. Criteria for cse-30 index: (After revision in the Listing ; Index Committee Meeting held on 28th Apr 2009) Two layer methods are followed for selection of listed companies in the CSE-30 Index.In the first layer method, basic criteria are considered for primary selection. Basic criteria: Must be listed with the Chittagong Stock Exchange Limited. 2. In case of IPO/New Issue, this should be on listing either with DSE or CSE for a minimum period of 2 years or remained in Commercial Production in Bangladesh for the minimum same period prior to its listing. 3. Companies that did not hold their Annual General Meetings regularly will not be considered. 4. Minimum market capitalization must be Tk. 200 million and at least two times of paid-up capital. . Must have at least 20% free floating share capital. Free floating share capital shall mean the share capital which will exclude Govt’s holding (other than ICB), Sponsors/Directors ; their Associates’ holding plus other locked-in portions. 6. Must have positive revenue reserve/ retained earnings. 7. Must be traded for at least 50% trading days of the six monthly review period. 8. Paid dividend in any of the last 2 years. 9. Company having negative Earning Per Share (EPS) for last two consecutive years will not be considered. On being qualified on the basis of the Basic Criteria, the companies are required to meet the following further Selection Criteria to have the final berth in CSE-30 Index. Selection criteria: 1. Higher Net Assets Value (NAV) per share 2. Higher rate of Earning Per Share (EPS) 3. Higher rate of Dividend 4. Lower Price Earning (PE) Ratio 5. Higher Dividend Yield (DY) 6. Higher rate of free floating in equity 7. Larger number of shareholders 8. Higher liquidity in terms of trading day 9. Higher liquidity in terms of number of contract 10. Longer duration of continuous remaining in the CSE-30 Index 11.Regular payment of listing fees CSE Selective Categories Index – CSCX Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) launched a new index named CSCX (CSE Selective Categories’ Index) comprised A, B G category companies from 14th February 2004 to replace the earlier CSE Trade Volume Weighted Index. The Base Date of this index is 15th April 2001 (when A, B Z category were introduced) and Base Value is set to 1000. The new index includes all but not the Z category companies. This also excludes the companies/scrips which are debt securities, mutual funds, suspended for indifinte period and non-traded for preceding six months of review meeting.The index will be reviewed in the Index Committee Meeting after every six months like other two indices of CSE. This index will be disseminated on line to all the Brokers’ Work Stations (BWSs) during trading sessions and after every three minutes the index value will be refreshed. The construction principle of this index based on Laspeyres method like other two CSE indices, CSE All Share Price Index and CSE-30 Index. It may be mentioned here that the base value of these two indices was also set to 1000 with a base date 30th December 1999. The current values (as on 11th Feruary 2004) of CSE All Share Price Index and CSE-30 Index are 1601. 4 and 1483. 60 respectively. IDLC Index While selecting the stocks to include in IDLC-50, a number of factors are considered: financial health of the company, regular trading in the market, investment risk, amount of investable shares, number of outstanding shares, price sensitiveness, price risk etc. IDLC-50 follows globally accepted methodology to include or exclude any stock in the index. As a result, IDLC-50 always represents fundamentally strong companies. This index is constructed following â€Å"Float Adjusted IV|arket Capitalization Weighted† methodology.This methodology is used for the first time to generate a capital market index in Bangladesh. (more on this below) The performance of a stock market is affected by the price movement of the publicly traded shares (floated shares), rather than all outstanding shares. In our capital market, float is an important factor; because for many listed companies, a small portion of shares is publicly traded. So, to accurately measure the performance of the market segment comprising the selected 50 stocks, it is necessary to perform the index calculation by adjusting the number of publicly traded shares.This is called float adjustment. IDLC-50 is float-adjusted, and thus can represent the market more accurately. IDLC-50 will track the performance of 50 stocks traded in DSE and CSE. Existing indexes include either too many or too few shares. IDLC-50 contains an optimum number of shares and incorporates the most relevant set of information required by rational investors. By containing appropriate number of liquid shares, IDLC-50 can be used to measure performance of professionally managed portfolios including mutual funds, discretionary portfolio accounts etc.Active investment in stock markets may not be advisable or feasible for individuals with lower investable wealth and risk tolerance. IDLC-50 may be used by individuals as an indicative tool for pursuing index-based investment strategy. In future, Mutual Funds, Index Futures, Exchange Traded Funds can be launched based on this index. Such instruments are widely used in major stock markets of the world. IDLC-50 can be a reliable performance indicator for the listed companies. The listed companies would be able to compare their financial health with the help of IDLC-50.One of the most challenging jobs for an accurate index is to maintain consistency. For IDLC-50, we follow standard practices of globally accepted indexes for proper adjustment. It ensures that replacement of stocks in Index, additional issue of capital etc. do not destroy the historical value of the index. An index committee has been formed to conduct and monitor the overall operations of the index. The IDLC-50 Index Committee comprises capital market experts, fund managers market participants and senior officials from IDLC and Alif Assets. The index committee will perform the following core responsibilities: Selecting stocks based on fundamental characteristics, monitoring index operation activity, reviewing the methodology and of the index. IDLC-50 follows internationally accepted methodologies recognized indexes. are selected based on the following indicators. o Public Float (Public portion of outstanding share) o Market Capitalization o Liquidity/Turnover o Sector representation o Price to Earning o A and N category o Average Market Risk (Standard deviation) etc. and is generated by algorithm of globally The following formula is applied to calculate the value of IDLC-50: Market Capitalization Today/ Market capitalization on base date) X Base Index value While calculating the market capitalization, IDLC-50 considers the public-traded portion of the outstanding shares. Stock market indices differ from one another basically in their sampling and/or weighting methods Sampling method: There are some market indices that a re composed of all stocks listed in a market, e. g. , the American Stock Market Index and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange All-Ordinaries Index. In general, an index based on a larger percentage of the total number of listed stocks will be more representative that one based on a smaller percentage.Although an index that consists of all listed stocks can be considered as more representative, a number of stocks may have very few transactions, the quoted price of these stocks may not reflect their true market value. An index may still be highly representative even if it consists of only a relatively small percentage of the total number of stocks. Here, the sample selection process plays an important role. Most of well-known stock market indices of the major stock markets in developed countries are still considered as highly representative since their constituent stocks comprise a high percentage of total value of the market.For example, the Hang Seng Index (Hong Kong) is composed of 33 constituent stocks comprising approximately 70% of tota l value. FOX index (Finland) is composed of 25 most traded shares which is correspond to roughly 80% of the total market value and ATX 50 (Australia) comprises 84% of the capitalization and 97% of the turnover of all Australian stocks. Weighting method: Value-weighted method may be considered as a most appropriate method than others. For a value-weighted index, the weight of each constituent stock is proportional to its market share in terms of capitalization.We can assume that the amount of money invested in each of the constituent stocks is proportional to its percentage of the total value of all constituent stocks. Examples include all major stock market indices of Hong Kong, London and many others. ———————– ASSIGNMENT ON Done By: Minakshi Chakraborty Id No. 55 BBA, 13th Batch Department of Banking University of Dhaka Done For: Mr. Hasibul Alam Chawdhory Lecturer Department of Banking University of Dhaka STOCK MARKET INDEX How to cite Index Methodology of Dse, Papers

DiversityGlobally Inclusive Workplace

Question: Discuss about the Diversityfor Globally Inclusive Workplace. Answer: Introduction: Diversity is about the distinctions and similarities among the workers as age, race, sex, social foundation, religion, physical capacities and inabilities, and sexual introduction. The principle point or motivation behind directing this exploration paper is to vitally evaluate the diversity management issues faced by the personnel at the workplace. Additionally, for this research paper, I would like to select Bullying and Harassment topic as is a research topic. Moreover, Telstra is selected that is an Australian media and communication organization. Furthermore, this paper would give a concise exchange concerning why Bullying as well as Harassment is measured as a diversity management issue in today's globalized business time. Additionally, contemporary work environment practices would also be given to deal with the part of assorted qualities. At long last, an examination of qualities as well as shortcomings of such practices would be discussed. Theme: Protection from bullying as well as harassment at working environment is ended up fundamental prerequisite of administration or association to diversity management issue and keeps up beneficial or else steady culture in the firm" Bullying as well as Harassment as a Diversity Issue In the present time of globalization, diversity is one of the real issues in the front of Telstra because several issues are faced by the employees related to diversity within the company. It is on the grounds that it doesn't just influence hierarchical and singular execution additionally has negative effect on the authoritative notoriety, brand picture, business and vital approaches and so on. In addition, Telstra is confronting significant issues with regards to workplace diversity. Similarly, today, workplace diversity is known as the subject of huge consideration. Then again, it ought to likewise be noted down that, in the late time, it is more troublesome and confounded errand for Telstras managers to oversee w workplace diversity in a viable and legitimate way. For case, a few issues or difficulties are confronted by them when they attempt to oversee working environment differences. Consequently, to oversee and comprehend the benefit of dealing with workplace diversity in the w ork environment, bosses, business directors, representatives receive and execute dynamic projects so they can adequately enhance the earth for assorted qualities in the work environment and to bring development. Because of these reasons, working environment assorted qualities is one of the significant attentiveness toward Telstra (Shakhray, 2009). In the present time, Bullying and Harassment as a Diversity Issue in the working environment is obviously the subject of critical consideration since it influenced the hierarchical execution, singular execution, authoritative achievement, procedure, methodologies, and distinctive arrangements of Telstra. However, managing of workforce diversity offers different noteworthy advantages and favorable circumstances to the associations and representatives. For instance, differences in the work environment can advance development and lessen authoritative business issues successfully. Additionally, diversity is likewise opening appealing and element markets for the Telstra to enhance the representative's assurance and expansions efficiency (Kirton, and Greene, 2012). In addition to this, in the present time, Bullying as well as harassment is known as one of the significant problems of working environment differing qualities since it straightforwardly and adversely influence the conduct and conclusion of a person. Along with this, Bullying as well as harassment can be in diverse structures at working environment. For instance, if the superior representative or the top administration is rebuffing human being advancement, preparing and improvement open doors in working environment, it would be believed as Bullying as well as Harassment (D'Almeida, 2007). In addition, uncalled for treatment with somebody, giving workaholic behavior load, spreading noxious bits of gossip and so forth is the significant sorts of Bullying as well as Harassment. Notwithstanding this, it is broke down that, a few sorts of exercises of Bullying as well as Harassment are done at the work environment that contrarily influences conduct and results of the worker. Then again, it is likewise investigated that, physical or verbal misuse, mental provocation, terrorizing and so on exercises are additionally done at the working environment to a specific gathering of individuals of person that influence the general achievement and notoriety of an association in the business sector. Similarly, it can be said that, in today's additionally testing, focused, and quickly developing business period, Bullying and Harassment is viewed as a standout amongst the most noteworthy assorted qualities administration issue (Mattiske, 2012). Workforce Diversity Challenges The accompanying are the principle and basic difficulties connected with the Bullying and Harassment at the working environment. Communication communication is one of the real difficulties confronted by the Telstra. Notwithstanding this, perceptual, social and dialect obstructions influence the method for communication of the representatives. Because of contrasts in discernment, dialect, sentiment of workers, correspondence issues are confronted by the representatives. This has a noteworthy effect of representatives' aptitudes, and capacity to work all the more viably. Along these lines, there is strict need to defeat communication issues by embracing differences programs. Moreover, multifaceted systems should likewise be embraced by the new chiefs keeping in mind the end goal to manage the correspondence issues in a powerful and appropriate way. This system would likewise help the directors in diminishing the correspondence hole among the administrator and worker (Shakhray, 2009). Resistance to change Change is another vital issue for the representatives of Telstra. For instance, there might be sure representatives or laborers that may decline to acknowledge the way that the social and social cosmetics of their working environment are evolving. In the same way, they don't acknowledge any advancement or change inside the association on the off chance that it would accompany the positive results. It implies a few sorts of social or social components that influence the supervisor's choice in regards to the change. This influences a supervisor's administrative style contrarily and makes a considerable measure of issues in the front of new administrators (Kirton, and Greene, 2012). Issues or difficulties identified with Implementation of diversity in the working environment approaches In the present time, execution or usage of differences arrangements, procedures, strategies and system can be major and noteworthy issues for the new directors. Case in point, in execution any technique identified with assorted qualities, supervisors are required to consider distinctive differences components or powers including social, social, correspondence cross society correspondence variables. Every one of these elements bound the supervisors to not think of some as essential things in the arrangement and assorted qualities strategy. Similarly, Implementation of assorted qualities in the working environment arrangements is additionally the key difficulties for the new chiefs in the 21st century. Be that as it may, such sorts of issues can be overcome by the new troughs by making and executing a jerked system to bump up the impacts of disparities in the work environment for t heir particular organization (Wellington, 2012). Effective Management of Diversity in the Workplace It is additionally essential issues that directors are likewise required to effectively manage the diversity in the working environment. Along these lines, particular technique must be made and executed by the new administrators with a specific end goal to build a culture of assorted qualities that infiltrates each office as well as competence of the association. Contemporary Workplace Practices to Manage Bullying as well as Harassment Diversity Issue Today, in order to deal with diversity issue such as Bullying as well as Harassment, Telstra ought to embrace the accompanying current/contemporary work environment rehearses: Understand Core Areas of Business: It is a standout amongst the most far reaching, important and vibrant technique to manage assorted diversity issues identified with Bullying as well as Harassment. For instance, the procedure concentrates on creating solid relationships with all the workers all the way through making normal comprehension about the center estimations of businesses. Moreover, it would conquer working environment strife among the representatives by creating center authoritative qualities. In addition, this methodology would likewise urge representatives to keep up the authoritative benchmarks, qualities and standards successfully (Barak, 2010). Developing Ethical Programs: In the late time, creating moral benchmarks, projects, rules and standards is viewed as vibrant procedures to manage the bullying as well as harassment diversity issue. Moreover, this is on account of the technique assumes a more far reaching part in making moral attitude and capacity of the representatives (Kirton, and Greene, 2012). Along these lines, this procedure would concentrate on upgrading the moral capacities to settle on moral choice adequately that is essential in lessening the negative results of Bullying and Harassment differences. This will straightforwardly or by implication help the administration, administrators and organization in decreasing the difficulties with regards to Bullying and Harassment differences at the working environment (Graen, 2003). Use and Implement Leadership as well as Motivational Theories: It is a major technique to bargain and beat the issues of bullying as well as harassment in the work environment. For instance, according to this methodology, motivational and authority speculations are connected with working environment to prompt representatives and diminish assorted qualities problems (Kersten, 2000). Conclusion On the basis of the above discussion, it can be assumed that in the present time, dealing with the diversity issue has become a major subject of concern for the business organizations. References Barak, M.E. (2010) Managing Diversity: Toward a Globally Inclusive Workplace (2nd ed.). London: SAGE. Cawsey, G. Deszca, C. (2011) Organizational Change: An Action-Oriented Toolkit. London: SAGE. Daft, L. Marcic, M. (2012) Understanding Management (8th ed.). Canada: Cengage Learning. D'Almeida, C.M. (2007) The Effects of Cultural Diversity in the Workplace. United State: ProQuest. Graen, G.B. (2003) Dealing with diversity. United State of America: IAP. Kersten, A. (2000) Diversity management Dialogue, dialectics and diversion. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 13 (3), 235-248. Mattiske, C. (2012) Understanding and Managing Diversity. Sydney: AudioInk. Shakhray, I. (2009) Managing Diversity in the Workplace: Seminar Paper. Germany: GRIN Verlag. Wellington, P. (2012) Managing Successful Teams. UK: Kogan Page Publishers. Kirton, G. Greene, A.M. (2012) The Dynamics of Managing Diversity (2nd ed.). NY: Routledge. Shakhray, I. (2009) Managing Diversity in the Workplace: Seminar Paper. Germany: GRIN Verlag. Wellington, P. (2012) Managing Successful Teams. UK: Kogan Page Publishers. Kirton, G. Greene, A.M. (2012) The Dynamics of Managing Diversity (2nd ed.). NY: Routledge.

Literature review The graduation and unemployment difficulties of adolescents with learning and behaviour disabilities

Introduction Among the significant percentage of people in the world suffering from various disabilities are adolescents in secondary schools, post-secondary institutions and colleges as well as those in employment. Two of the major disabilities affecting students are: learning disability and behaviour disability.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Literature review: The graduation and unemployment difficulties of adolescents with learning and behaviour disabilities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Grenwelge, Zhang and Landmark (2010), defines leaning disability as inability of one of the primary or learning processes such as writing, spelling and reading is not functioning as effectively as it is supposed to. On the other hand, emotional or behavioural disability has been defined as a condition characterized by extreme emotional change leading to persistent behavioural change. These two conditions can adversely aff ect educational performance amongst the students, as well as career performance for the employed adolescents. A learning disability for example causes young children difficulty in achieving success in education, despite the fact that they can perform some tasks very effectively. This study explores the difficulties experienced by young adolescents with the two disabilities defined above, with the aim of coming up with effective strategies make the situation better for them. This literature review separately focuses on the two categorical difficulties faced by the young adolescents: negative outcome of graduation and negative outcome in employment (Al-Yagon, 2011). Graduation Negative Outcomes According to Hamzah, Subramaniam and Abdullah (2009), statistics indicate that in 2003 alone, there was a 10% high school dropout in the US, a larger portion of which was made up of students with disabilities. This is an indication that a large percentage of students with behavioural and learni ng disability do not get to graduate from high school. There are a number of factors that lead to this. One of the causes of high school dropout of this group of students is the feeling of being out of place (Kemp, 2006). Students with learning and behavioural disability give up easily on high school education because they may feel that no one is there for them to identify with them and care for them. Most of the time they could be secure knowing that there is an elderly person to help them in making decisions when they cannot make them on their own. For example, learning disability is believed to be as a result of the inability of the nervous system to coordinate properly.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This causes a challenge in reception, processing and communication of basic information. This means that sometimes students suffering this disability cannot make important decisions that affect their future, thus they need someone to look up to during such moments. Secondly, students with such disabilities are prone to be involved in risky behavior. According to Mihandoost (2011), students having learning disability may choose to be involved in risky behaviour in order to substitute the thought of being â€Å"stupid† with being â€Å"bad†. The result of such behaviour is suspension from school or poor academic performance, eventually resulting in failure to graduate. Poor academic performance especially for students with learning disabilities may result from lack of consistence in their knowledge. For example, a learning disability student may read and comprehend a topic well, but fail to do an examination on the same topic because that student cannot write what he knows. The end result is that this student won’t be able to graduate because he couldn’t pass his examinations (Kemp, 2006). Just like other students, learning and behavio ural disability students undergo a lot of stress in life. Unlike other students, the students with these disabilities cannot withstand that much stress. This is why they reach a point where they disregard the value of post-secondary education in their future. The result of this is that they drop out and they don’t get to graduate (Sinclair, Christenson, Thurlow, 2005). Self-esteem is important in the academic performance of any student. There is a tendency of disabled students to lose their self-esteem when they face frustrations from themselves and from the surrounding people. This group of students will work so hard to achieve certain goals, but they are emotionally battered when they don’t achieve the goals. This leads to a rise in frustration and an eventual loss of interest in academics (Horowitz, 2009). Another factor that affects the graduation of students with disabilities is the lack of proper accommodation in schools. According to Reschly and Christenson (20 06), research has shown that colleges and universities are increasing the efforts to provide necessary facilities to accommodate students with disabilities. Despite these effort, statistics carried out by NCES indicated that 20% of students in colleges who admitted to be having learning disabilities claimed that they were not receiving proper accommodation in their studies. Research has sadly shown that these students are made to feel out of place by some institutions. These are institutions which view students with disabilities as a cause of distractions for other â€Å"normal† students, thus the institutions have no place for such students. To make the situation even worse, sometimes the society does not think that these young people have any need for education; hence they don’t bother to support them in education. This leads to dropout before they graduate (Sin, Francis, Cook, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Literature review: The grad uation and unemployment difficulties of adolescents with learning and behaviour disabilities specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Unemployment Negative Outcomes The challenges experienced by young adolescents with learning and behavioural disabilities do not stop at the learning level. Even those who manage to graduate despite the many hindrances still face difficulty in the job market as a result of their disability. The challenges experienced in institutions of learning have a direct impact on the performance of young disabled people in different careers. Most of these people enter the job market with insufficient skills attained at the post-secondary institutions. This puts them in a very stiff position where they cannot compete favourably with others in the job market. The outcome is that they end up missing the positions of employment (Groce, 2004). According to George and Kidd (2011), some companies become hesitant to hire disabled people due to social prejudice as well as lack of confidence in their ability. Therefore, they rarely employ these people. Another cause of unemployment among young people with learning and behavioural disabilities is limitation in skills. Due to lack of proper coordination, this group of people has a limited choice of career, leading to limited skills. This makes it very hard and takes them very long to find relevant employment in their training field (Nind, Flewitt, Payler, 2010). According to the research conducted by Lehr and Lange (2003), some of the employees with learning and behavioural disabilities admit that their disability hampers them from using the most recent, common and effective technologies in their organizations. These employees are at a risk of being laid off their job for others who can use such technologies. Others disabled employees simply quit their jobs because they cannot cope with the conditions in these places in terms of accommodation for the workers wi th such disabilities. More research needs to be conducted to explore ways in which such organizations can come up with proper accommodation for workers with disabilities (Mallett, Stoddard-Dare, Workman-Crewnshaw, 2011). The same research also shows that most of the young employees who have learning, behavioural and other disabilities choose to hide these disabilities from their employers and workmates. The major reason for making this choice is fear of stigmatization discrimination in the work place.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The research also indicates that the employees choose to hide the disabilities because there is a possibility that the employers will monitor them more closely with the anticipation of a mistake in their work, which makes it hard for them to cope as well as to avoid being fired (Maehler, Schuchardt, 2011). Finally, the study of Repetto et al. (2010), indicates that most of the people with learning disability at the job market cope with the conditions depending on their past experiences in secondary and post-secondary institutions. These experiences include self-esteem level, treatment by others as well as the academic skills obtained. Conclusion It can be concluded that there are many challenges that young adolescents with learning and behavioural disabilities face, both in attaining graduation and in search of employment. In line with the National Council on Disability (2004), there is a need to increase effort to ensure that many students in this disability group not only graduat e, but also find comfortable employment. Further research is therefore necessary to explore ways in which these conditions can be improved. References Al-Yagon, M. (2011). Fathers’ Emotional Resources and Children’s Socioemotional and Behavioral Adjustment among Children with Learning Disabilities. Journal of Child Family Studies, 20(5), 569-584. George, C., Kidd, G. (2011). Effectiveness of a parent training programme adapted for children with a learning disability. Learning Disability Practice, 14(8), 18- 24. Grenwelge, C., Zhang, D., Landmark, L. (2010). Comprehensive Leadership Training for Youth with Disabilities. Teaching Exceptional Children, 42(4), 62- 68. Groce, E.N. (2004). Adoloscents and Youth with Disability: Issues and Challenges. Asia Pacific Disability Rehabilitation Jourrnal, 15(2), 13-32. Hamzah, M., Subramaniam, V., Abdullah, S. (2009). Effectiveness of the selected techniques in enhancing the achievement in science among the children with learni ng disabilities: Sharing experiences. US-China Education Review, 6(9), 67-84. Horowitz, S.H. (2009). Behavioral and Learning Disabilities. Web. Kemp, S. (2006). Dropout Policies and Trends for Students with and Without Disabilities. Adolescence, 41(162), 235-250. Lehr, C., Lange, C. (2003). Alternative Schools Serving Students With and Without Disabilities: What Are the Current Issues and Challenges? Preventing School Failure, 47(2), 59. Maehler, C., Schuchardt, K. (2011). Working Memory in Children with Learning Disabilities: Rethinking the criterion of discrepancy. International Journal of Disability, Development Education, 58(1), 5-17. Mallett, C., Stoddard-Dare, P., Workman-Crewnshaw, L. (2011). Special Education Disabilities and Juvenile Delinquency: A Unique Challenge for School Social Work. School Social Work Journal, 36(1), 26-40. Mihandoost, Z. (2011). The Survey of Correlate Causes of Learning Disabilities Prevalence among Elementary Students. Asian Social Science, 7(7 ), 194- 198. National Council on Disability. (2004). Improving Educational Outcomes for Students with Disabilities. Web. Nind, M., Flewitt, R., Payler, J. (2010). The social experience of early childhood for children with learning disabilities: inclusion, competence and agency. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 31(6), 653-670. Repetto, J. et al. (2010). Virtual High Schools: Improving Outcomes for Students with Disabilities. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 11(2), 91-104. Reschly, A., Christenson, S. (2006). Prediction of Dropout among Students with Mild Disabilities: A Case for the Inclusion of Student Engagement Variables. Remedial Special Education, 27(5), 276-292. Sin, C., Francis, R., Cook, C. (2010). Access to and experience of child and adolescent mental health services: barriers to children and young people with learning disabilities and their families. Mental Health Review Journal, 15(1), 20-28. Sinclair, M., Christenson, S., Thurlow, M. (2005). Promoti ng School Completion of Urban Secondary Youth with Emotional or Behavioral Disabilities. Exceptional Children, 71(4), 465-482. This essay on Literature review: The graduation and unemployment difficulties of adolescents with learning and behaviour disabilities was written and submitted by user F1sher to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

My Work Experience Essay Essay Example

My Work Experience Essay Essay Example My Work Experience Essay Paper My Work Experience Essay Paper Previous Job Experience Essay During the summer holiday, I kept thinking about what sort of work I was going to get as it was not fully confirmed before I left for the summer holidays. I received a letter from the school explaining where I was going to be working and my Job Description and Hours, etc. The company I was going to be working for was Jacobs Babtie which is one of the leading technical and management consultancies operating in transport and development, environment, property and structures, and partnerships and outsourcing markets both in the UK and internationally. During my Working Experience The job description was very unattractive as it described that I was going to be putting PC input which was okay but then carried explaining printing maps, photocopying, etc which I rather boring. Right from the start I wanted a place related with computers, so where did they place me a place related with computer. In some ways I was looking forward to be working with computers but in some ways I dint want to go as it dint like doing photocopying or printing all day. During My Work Experience So here it came, the day I was going to work for the first time. I woke up at 7:30 as my start was at 9:30 and finished at 3:30 which I liked. While I was getting ready and eating my breakfast I kept trying to picture on what I was going to do and how my first day would go. Firstly I went in and was introduced by Jatinder Thandi who was going to look after me for the next two weeks. With Jatinder I went around the building and introduced me to other people. The building was split into two, one an office and the other a lab which took me by surprise. Basically until lunch which was at 2 oclock I walked around getting to no the place. After Lunch Jatinder introduced the programs they used which was linked with maps which I just looked into and messed with. That was It my first day finished. The only thing that came to my mind was at last. I was really looking forward to the next day but like I school I knew I had to be there. I was introduced by the health safety inspector who showed me around where the fire exits where and other information I needed to know. The place was very chilled out as you could start work went you wanted and have break and lunch anytime, it wasnt strict at all which was good. The second day I didnt really start work straight, I just sat on the computer playing about with it which they dint really mind as no one really did any work. After a while I was given a sheet full of pot holes where I had to find from using a program called GWings which is full of maps. Basically on the sheet would be where the potholes where and I would have to plot them on GWings. All through that day I carried on plotting which passed my time and had finished the day. All through the week except for Friday I was given the same thing to do which was given the same thing to do which was plotting potholes into the database. Jatinder and other staff would check on me if I was aright. As they had an inspector which would go out investigating the roads they had loads of sheets coming in everyday which would keep be busy everyday. On Friday I thought I would be doing the old boring thing but Jatinder decided that he would give me change and send me next door which was the lab, firstly I wasnt too happy as I didnt have the right dress code and would get my hands dirty but any way I dint complain. The lab would experiment the tarmac and gravel thy put on the floor to see if it was okay and suitable. A person would go out there and basically slice a hole which they would investigate. There was about 5 people working in the lab and for the first hour I just stood there working out and watching what they were doing. After a while I got stuck in there and my part was to sieve a pile of stones so they could experiment the stone as sizes not all being mixed up. I was given the job the duty of sieving all day, which in some ways I like it as I gained a different experience and in some ways I dint because it was filthy work. That was it my first week over and it was a tough one as well but gained a lot of experience. The second week I got use to the place and people as after the first week I built my confidence as at the beginning I was nervous and shy but as it went along I use to chat with the other colleagues at lunch and so on. The second week was basically the same I went back to the computer and was given a new task which was almost the same as plotting the potholes but more into depth. Again I was given a sheet with the place and street and so on where the pothole was but this time I had to write on Microsoft Excel as a database where the pot hole was, the grid reverence number, when the pothole was found and the notes about it such as how deep and how damaging it was. I on the whole got on with this and having breaks every hour which was advised for my eyes and I would just read the newspaper or something. For the next three days I continued with that and produced and evaluation with this. Now it was Thursday and had go use to the routine of getting to work at 9:30 and doing the work. Same as last week I was given a change and went into the lab and now they got use to me and I got use to the work so I got on with the work and they expected me to be like any other worker so I was rushed of to my feet that day. After Work Experience Not knowing Thursday was going to be my last day I had a great time and learned many skills. In some way I felt really happy I wasnt going to be doing that work again but in some ways I felt bad not going on the last day. I found the work experience to be a very good learning experience. This week has shown me how different working in the real world is compared to school. The working day is longer and I now feel that the school hours are much easier to cope with. I am quite pleased with what I have done this week and I will leave with new skills. I have developed many new skills both technical knowledge and personal skills.

Master thesis proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Master thesis - Research Proposal Example The pandemic of HIV/AIDS threatens not only the local population but has widespread ramifications for the rest of the world and needs to be addressed urgently and incorporated as intrinsic part of business strategy and social responsibility by the global business community. Financial aids to the sub Sahara is critical for developing infrastructure for the development processes so as to enable the local population to become self reliant and become proactive participants. The regions boast of the huge natural resources, rich in minerals and precious metals like gold, platinum, diamond etc. which are presently being exploited by the foreign agencies with scarce regard to the welfare of the local population. Financial aid would serve as the major incentive for promoting democratization of the republics and reinforcing equitable distribution of wealth through programmes and policies. The approach needs to be focused on literacy and development processes to promote income generating activities designed to raise the standard of living. But the rampant corruption in the sub Sahara greatly dissuades the donors which may defeat the objective of aid. According to a BBC report, ‘corruption is costing Africa more than $148bn dollars a year, increasing the cost of goods by as much as 20%, deterring investment and holding back development’ (BBC, 2002). The corruption has been found to be the most insidious factor that infiltrates almost all strata of society of Sub Saharan Africa. From the high level political grafts to low level bribing of police and custom official has become the norm that de-accelerates the development process. It therefore, becomes the major instrument adversely impacts the objectives of financial aid and must be addressed to improve and improvise the outcome of the same. What is financial aid’s effect on the Sub Saharan

Diversity training manual part 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Diversity training manual part 2 - Essay Example As such, HR managers should be ready to handle and manage a diverse workforce composed of persons from different cultural, as well as racial backgrounds. There is bound to be tensions and conflicts arising from their differences when people from different races and cultural backgrounds converge at one place for a common goal, such as at a workplace. For instance, the racial differences may lead to creation of classes and social status among the workers, even for those in the same level in the organizational structure. The whites tend to look down upon other races, especially the Africans, as inferior. As such, some of these whites will blatantly discriminate against the blacks, as well as those from different races unlike theirs, for feeling superior and more deserving of better job opportunities than the rest. Such cases are particularly rampant in companies incorporated and owned by the whites who are acute racists. These whites carry on modern day slavery by overworking the blacks, and workers from other races who are their juniors or of an inferior race (Jackson, 1992). Discrimination or victimization of any kind against racial, as well as cultural backgrounds is wrong. As such, this should not occur in any organization. This creates tensions and a poor working environment that hampers productivity and efficiency within the organization. Instead of the workers doing their work diligently, cooperating with one another, and coordinating organization activities in order to meet the specific objectives of the organization, they spent most of their time fighting amongst one another. This leads to a grave wastage of important person-hours for the company in which it would be undertaking production activities. Furthermore, if the management of the organization do not active measures to bring this situation under control, then the company risks falling into

Do you think the Marketing department is the most important one within Essay

Do you think the Marketing department is the most important one within an organisation - Essay Example An efficient marketing department ensures that the company remains in top gear in wading through competition. Various factors such as brand communication, pricing, promotion and good customer relations allow businesses to maintain market share and have a competitive advantage (Palmer, 2012). In essence, competition is about taking the market share of the competitors, and thus increasing profits. Marketing department is thus tasked with reducing predatory effects from competitors. Unlike other departments in the organization, the marketing department has a direct link to the customers. Customers are the main reasons for the existence of a company. In this regard, the marketing department should maintain the delicate balance between external forces and the customers. Customers are maintained through effective after sales services, excellent relationship centers, and loyalty programs. The above discussion shows that marketing plays a crucial role in an organization. As noted, the marketing department is concerned with beating competition and maintaining market share. Further, the department ensures customer retention through offers and quality services. Rational organizations try to maximize profits thus customers must be impressed by the marketing

Agra: A World Famous Tourist Spot

Agra: A World Famous Tourist Spot Tourists and history lovers have endless love for Agra for its exceptional buildings and monuments. Agra is also a prominent pilgrimage center due to the presence of several religious places. Temples, mosques and other structural wonders in Agra provides religious and spiritual feelings for the visitors. Presence of numerous tombs, stones and graveyards dedicated to well known religious leaders are famous in the land of Agra.Mariams tomb the tomb of Mariam, wife of great Mughal Emperor Akbar is also present here. The secular lookout of the city is depicted in several famous places of worship for both the Muslims and the Hindus like the Jama Masjid and the Mankameshwar temple. The Guru Ka Taal located at Agra is a large tank with beautiful towers erected around it. The Jama Masjid and Moti Masjid located at Agra built by the great Mughal emperor Shahjahan are excellent examples of the splendid Mughal architecture. JAIPUR The Pink Cityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. The glistening Jaipur also known as the the Pink City was founded by and named after Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II. The royal Rajput heritage is clearly visible in the imposing forts and impressive palaces of Jaipur attract tourists from all over the world. Jaipur is a land of natural beauty and great history. The warm hospitality of people and ofcourse a plethora of colourful handicrafts drags the visitors to this magnificent land. In addition to that Jaipur hosts several festivals from the modern Jaipur Literary festival to the traditional Gangaur, Teej and the Kite festival glorifying its image. The City Palace Complex is abundant with a rare combination of the finest blends of Rajasthani and Mughal architecture and is one of the most magnificent marvels in Jaipur. The vast area right in the heart of the old city is indeed a remarkable sight. Several buildings, huge courtyards and well-planned gardens make this complex a beauty. The Maharaja Sawai Man Singh II Museum includes the mahal comes before the main complex. A long series of royal costumes like embroideries, shawls, Benares silk sarees, the maharajas pyjamas, kamarbands, chogas, jamawars etc are an attraction in the museum. Giant sized musical instruments like the tanpura and sarangis are also displayed in the museum. The Maharanis Palace includes the deadly Rajput scissor-action daggers which have a unique working action are a delight for visitors. There are wide varieties of early handguns, the ones that served as walking sticks, etc. One of them was the size of a small canon fired from a camels back, pistols attached with swords, matchlocks, double-barrel guns and percussion cap guns.Daggers with handles of crystal and ivory are priceless. Peak-kubz jambhiya, katars, chhuris, Rajput and Persian swords are also a great attraction. The shield of Sawai Pratap Singh and Raja Man Singhs sword, a big range of shields made from the skins of crocodile, rhino, and turtle skin is also on the display. UDAIPUR Venice of East..!! Udaipur formally known as the city of lakes and Venice of East is the lovely lakeside capital of Mewar. Udaipur was founded by Maharana Udai Singh II as the final capital of the erstwhile Mewar kingdom. The kingdom of Mewar was the most respectable of all Rajput princely states in Rajasthan. The warriors of Mewar are still remembered for their bravery courage. The numerous rivers crisscrossing the town gave Udaipur another name as the city of lakes. The beauty and remarkable past of Udaipur remain in the hearts of visitors for a long time. Udaipur is a beautiful city in the state of Rajasthan also referred to as the Kashmir of Rajasthan or the Venice of the East. Udaipur the Romantic City of India is one among the most romantic and most beautiful cities of the country. The lush hills of the Aravalis around the azure water lakes make this land beautiful. Udaipur city of Rajasthan state is a blended with fascinating sights, sounds and experiences drenched in romance and beauty. The land is inspired by the poets, painters and writers for the serene atmosphere. The flavor of heroic past carried by the temples, fairy-tale palaces, gardens, lakes and narrow lanes strewn with stalls is an epitome for the valor and gallantry of the city. The enchanting lakes, palaces and lively workspaces and culture attracting both the foreign and domestic visitors have made Udaipur a popular tourist destination in India. Udaipur is also a favourite marriage destination of many prominent people of the country. The Swaroop Sagar Lake, Fateh Sagar Lake and the Lake Pichhola are the three interconnected lakes of Udaipur. Major cities of the country including Delhi, Ahmedabad and Mumbai are easily accessible from Udaipur. GOA One of the most preferred holiday destinations of India is Goa. The place especially during the monsoon is a tropical paradise enchanting all the year round. Goa is one of the most visited destinations of the country. Fringed by coastal trees and lapped by Arabian Sea the Goa beaches are a delight and the perfect destination for a wonderful hangout. Goa is a picturesque blend of tremendous natural beauty and traditional and modern facets of Indian life. The windy palms, plush landscape, sun-kissed beaches, and the adjacent Arabian Sea tapping on shores make Goa a very lovely destination. The catholic churches and gothic synagogues make the architecture of Goa a reminiscent of the colonial era. Other prominent ones are the Church of St. Francis, the Church of St. Augustine, St. Anne Church, the Reis Magos Church, and the Mary Immaculate Conception etc. It exhibits one of the finest beaches in the world and especially for beach lovers Goa is an absolute delight. With the flea markets and Trance parties, Anjuna beach is the prominent one in Goa. The Chapora Fort located nearby Anjuna beach offers a magnificent view of the vast blue Sea. The Calangute beach of Goa being the most commercialized beach of the South Western part of India is one of the not to be missed beaches . These beaches are a favorite to the tourists for the eating spots and shops that are lined up here. Some other prominent shores of Goa are Vagator Beach, Candolim beach, Baga Beach, Bambolim Beach, etc. Every year this enchanting destination attracts plenty of tourists with its exotic beaches and energetic nightlife. The spice plantations are also a major attraction in Goa. MYSORE City of Palacesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦!! Mysore also called as the City of Palaces is a major tourist destination of south India. The place is prominent with palaces, temples, royal buildings, museums, gardens, waterfalls and amusement parks. Mysore the former capital of Karnataka played an important role in the South Indian history. Along with its drastic growth as a famous tourist destination the rich cultural and historical legacy of the city is well maintained. The magnificence of the city of Mysore made it a favorite destination for visitors all over India. Visitors from within as well as outside the country are greatly attracted to this splendid destination. The City of Mysore is known as the City Of Palaces for the number of glorious buildings built by the Royal families. Many of the traditional buildings are exquisite examples for the Dravidian architecture. There are number of other tourists attractions that one can visit in Mysore, apart from the Palaces and architectural splendor. The Chamundi hills temple on top of the hills is one of the popular spots in Mysore. It is a favorite destination for the locales and a prominent landmark of Mysore. The KRS dam and the adjacent Brindavan Gardens are worth visiting in Mysore. The Garden of Brindavan is unique. This garden is famous for its colorfully lit dancing fountains that come alive once the sun sets. Another destination worth visiting is the Mysore Zoo which is the oldest Zoo in the country.It was set up by Maharaja Chamaraja Wodeyar in the year 1892. At present equipped with the most modern facilities the zoo is a pioneer in breeding animals in captivity. With a relic of the 3rd century St. Philomena the Philomena Church is another famous monument of Mysore city. It is preserved in a catacomb in below the main altar. The high spires with a height of 175 feet are a well known feature o f this church. Set in lush green surroundings the three lakes in Mysore have become a haven for migratory birds. KASHMIR The paradise on Earthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦!! The everlasting charm and splendor make Kashmir an amazingly beautiful destination of the country. Due to its natural beauty, tempting snow capped mountains, musical waterfalls, scenic lakes, lush green surroundings, verdant woods and many other places of tourist interests, the land is called the Paradise on Earth. Located at the northern most tip of the country Kashmir is one of the most sought after holiday destinations. The Great Himalayan Ranges and the Pir Panjal surrounds the magnificent land of Kashmir from the north and south respectively. The captivating natural splendor, blissful ambiance, sightseeing places, cultural diversity, humble locals, and the cool climatic conditions make the Beauty of Kashmir unique. The Kashmir valleys are crisscrossed by prominent rivers. These spectacular features enhance the beauty of Kashmir to give it a place close to Heaven on Earth. Kashmir is an ideal place for pilgrimage, adventure sports and trekking as well as leisure vacation. The natural heavenly beauty of Kashmir lures thousands and thousands of tourists from all over the world. The lakes of Kashmir dotted with houseboat facilities are the unique attraction of the region.A Cruise on the fabulous Houseboats in the lakes of Kashmir is an enchanting experience. The hills of Kashmir capped with snow exhibits very low temperature making it ideal for excursions. Some of the prominent locations of Kashmir are Bahu fort, Raghunath temple, Sonamarg, Mubarak Mandi Palace, Chadar Trek, Gulmarg and Peer Baba. KANYAKUMARI With the Arabian Sea in the west and the Bay of Bengal in the east Kanyakumari is a very unique destination of India in the state of Tamil Nadu. Kanyakumari or Cape comerin is located in the southernmost tip of the country, where the three seas get united. The beautiful sunrise and sunset of Kanyakumari made it a popular destination of India. A lot of tourists are attracted by the serene beauty of Kanyakumari. It is one of the rare destinations in the world where both sunrise and sunset can be observed from the same point. Murugan Kundram is atop a hill at Kanyakumari which gives a magnificent view of both sunrise and sunset throughout the year. The sunset is visible only from October 15 to March 15 in a year; whereas the sunrise can be viewed from this southernmost tip throughout the year. This spot offers a wonderful panoramic view of the entire Kanyakumari. On full moon days both the sunset and moonrise can be seen almost simultaneously from the same spot. This unique spectacle is witnessed at Kanyakumari. Two rocks In the midst of the sea known as twin rocks, with the monuments of swamy Vivekananda and Saint Thiruvalluvar contribute to the rich Indian heritage. The rich cultural heritage and the history of Kanyakumari date back to decades. Kanyakumari is the hub of civilization for centuries and is prominent for the culture, arts, economy, and history. Kanyakumari is one of the prominent pilgrimage destinations of South India due to the instances of many religions like Islam, Christianity, or Hinduism. The structures, arts and even in the cuisines of Kanyakumari reflects this mixed culture. KERALA BACKWATERS Gods own country!! Kerala blessed with a unique feature called the backwaters is the southernmost state of the country. The broad stretch of waterways is a lasting source of tourism as well as a livelihood for the state. The backwaters surrounded by the tall palms and coconut trees exhibits the rippling beauty of nature. Every year thousands of domestic and international tourists are drawn towards these enchanting backwaters. The green surroundings, vibrant people of the locale and small villages make the visitors feel elated. The major feature of Kerala backwaters are the houseboats which attracts plenty of tourists. Houseboats traditionally named as the ketuvalloms are actually large all-wood vessels with all facilities provided inside. Equipped with modern facilities house boats meets up to the world standards such as large hotel suites etc. We can watch the beauty of the backwaters right from a room inside the houseboats. Most of the rooms are well furnished, air-conditioned with no compromise in safety of inmates. They are assisted by a general manager, chefs or cooks.The traditional Kerala cuisines and special sea foods of Kerala are served deliciously in the houseboats. There are amenities like dining extravaganza, ayurveda massage and beauty treatments inside the houseboat. Alappuzha, Kuttanad, Thiruvallam, and Kollam are the prominent backwater regions of Kerala. The backwaters of Alappuzha witness the exciting snake boat races of Kerala which brings lots of visitors to this enchanting land. In these prestigious boat races the traditional boats of Kerala participate. DELHI Delhi the capital city of India also known as New Delhi is one of the main arrival point for overseas tourists. The Qutub Minar, Red Fort, Humayuns Tomb, Lotus Temple, Akshardham Temple and Jama Masjid are the main places of tourist attraction in Delhi. Delhi locally known as Dilli offers a large opportunity for a tremendous shopping of unique and diverse traditional products. Karol bagh, Connaught Place, Chandni Chowk, Sarojini nagar Market, Palika Bazzar, Gaffar market and Lajpat Nagar Market are the main markets of Delhi. Another not to miss destination is the Delhi Haats. The city is not only the capital of the country but is acclaimed for being the cultural capital of the country too. The spectacular architecture is depicted by the antique monuments of Delhi. The city witnesses the interesting blend of cultures, the mysterious eternity of the rise and fall of many great empires. There are seven cities in the contemporary Delhi which were built by different emperors in mean time. Some major tourist attractions are made from the ruins of this ancient city. The city of Delhi consists of two parts, one is the old part and the other is the new one. The Old Delhi is full of Mughal and British architectural structures, by-lanes and alleys whereas New Delhi contains several modern buildings and offices. The climatic conditions of Delhi are extreme. The summer can be very hot. Temperature often goes above 45 ° Celsius while it is chilly and foggy in the winter. The ideal time for sightseeing and adventures is from the month of October to March. AJANTHA ELLORA Ajanta and Ellora Caves are rock-cut cave monuments and are two different tourist destinations in Maharashtra. The Ajanta-Ellora Caves are located near the city of Aurangabad in the state of Maharashtra. They are declared as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. Beautiful paintings and sculptures are featured in these caves. Situated just outside the village of Ajanta are the prominent Ajanta Caves, 107 km away from Aurangabad city. Dating back to the 2nd century BC, there are around 29 rock-cut cave monuments in this complex. The first group of these caves was built around 200 BC, while the second group was built in later 600 AD. Ajanta caves are nestled in the semi-arid Sahayadri Hills above the Waghur River and are prominent for the beautiful paintings and sculptures. It is built using only hammer and chisel. These caves are the secluded retreats for Buddhist monks to perform their rituals in the chaityas and viharas. The well preserved wall paintings of Boddhisattva, Padmapani and Avalokiteshvar are the prominent artworks in the caves. The archaeological site of the Ellora cave complex is located 30 km from the city of Aurangabad. These caves were built by the Rashtrakuta rulers between the 5th and 10th centuries. There are 34 caves in the cave complex that were hewn out of solid rocks of the Charanandri Hills. These are the monasteries for Buddhists as well as temples for Hindus and Jains. The Ellora complex comprises of 12 Buddhist, 17 Hindu and 5 Jain caves which symbolizes the religious harmony of that time. The Ajanta-Ellora Festival organised every year in Aurangabad is meant for paying tribute to the legendary caves of Ellora, Ajanta and other historical assets of the country. DARJEELING Queen of hillsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..!! Darjeeling is a prominent Himalayan city located in the state of West Bengal. It is well known for the charm and is considered to be one of the best hill stations in India. The surrounding areas of Darjeeling like Mirik, Jaldapara, Gangtok and Pelling are also prominent tourist destinations. This hidden paradise of North Bengal includes a joy ride in the world famous toy train which has been listed as UNESCO World Heritage site. Darjeeling is one of the most significant and organized hill resorts of India. It lies 686 kms from the plains of Kolkata perched at a height of 2134 meters with a backdrop of the mighty snow clad Peaks of Himalayas. The worlds highest peak and the third mightiest and highest mountainous snow peaks can be viewed clearly from this sight. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site prominent for the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway and the tea industry. Finest blend of tea can be tasted from this hill station. Darjeeling had now become the most desired holiday destination of the country with innumerable tourists who throng it. The Buddhist monasteries and the Hindu temples are the most visited destinations of Darjeeling. The Darjeeling Rangeet Valley Passenger Ropeway, Singalila Range Trek, the ultimate Toy Train trip in Darjeeling and much more provides an Adventure Tourism in Darjeeling. Along with tea, oranges and cardamom are also available in plenty in Darjeeling. Amazing products of Traditional arts and crafts of Tibet and Sikkim are available for shopping. Delicious cuisines of traditional Tibetan and Sikkimese style are available in the hill station along with the other Indian dishes. Summer and spring are the ideal seasons to visit Darjeeling. The hill station receives a moderate rain throughout the year. SHIMLA The Summer Refuge Shimla is the present capital of Himachal Pradesh and the former summer capital of British in India. The land of Shimla has been blessed with all the natural bounties making it an ideal tourist destination. It is surrounded by green hills with snow capped peaks with tremendous scenic beauty. The spectacular cool hills of Shimla are accompanied by the structures made during the colonial era which creates an aura different from other destinations.Shimla retains its colonial heritage with grand old buildings bulging at it seems with unprecedented expansion. The stately Viceregal Lodge, charming iron lamp posts and Anglo-Saxon names are few of the architectural splendors of Shimla. Shimla unfolds many parts that remain hidden to vehicles. Sankat Mochan and Tara Devi can be linked with a short train ride to Tara Devi station. The stroll and shopping on the Mall and in Lakkar Bazaar is inevitable for the tourists. The Lower Bazaar that runs parallel to the Mall at a lower level flavors a typical Indian market place. The wild flower hall, Mashobra, Naldehra, Tattapani, Fagu, Narkanda and Chail are some of the major sightseeing areas in Shimla. The best time to visit Shimla is during April to August or during December to January however it can be visited throughout the year and can enjoy the charm of each season. Shimla experiences cold and chilly winds from the upper Himalayas during winter. Shimla witnesses many winter sports and ice skating carnival during winter. UTTARANCHAL Uttaranchal is a north eastern state of the great Indian Territory with immense beauty and tranquility. The snowy mountain ranges, gusting rivers, natural serenity and lakes made the place more attractive. The western part of the Himalayan ranges provides a picturesque of snow capped hills in Uttaranchal. It is known as the land of God with many prominent temples and pilgrim centers. The green valley, lush forestry, rich flora and fauna add to its beauty. Uttaranchal is a common picnic spot with many adventurous sports like trekking, skiing, skating, wildlife safaris etc. The hill stations, Glaciers, wildlife, pilgrim centers and national parks are the major tourist destination of the state. The valley of flowers made the place more colorful with plenty of different species of flora. Musoorie, Khirsu, Pauri, Nainital, Kausani, Haridwar, Rishikesh and Auli are the most prominent hill stations of Uttaranchal. Experience the most mesmerizing beauty of nature from these prominent destinations of Uttaranchal. RAJASTHAN The state of Rajasthan is well known for its delightful tourist destinations. The imperial land of Rajasthan is known as the state of colors, forts, festivals and quaint nature. The state is located in the north western part of the nation with hilly terrain and Thar Desert. The pink city of India-Jaipur, the Golden city of India-Jaisalmer and the city of Lakes-Udaipur are the major significance of the state. Explore the grandeur of impregnable palaces and forts, astonishing lakes, golden deserts and exotic wildlife of Rajasthan. The unique culture, festivals, traditions and lifestyle of people made the place a mesmerizing tourist spot. The Rajasthan cuisines and sweets are very famous for its different style and taste. The attractive handicrafts of Rajasthan are famous for its beautiful hand embroidery. The desert festival is one of the popular festivals of Rajasthan which attracts lots of tourists from all around the world. KULLU MANALI Kullu And Manali are the most astounding hill stations of North India. These famous destinations are located at a distance of 40km from each other and at 570km and 521km respectively from the state capital of the country, Delhi. This fascinating destination has snow covered mountain ranges, rhythmic rivers, dense forest ranges, cascading waterfalls, valleys and many more. There are wide options for adventures activities like skiing, trekking, rafting etc at this astounding destination. Above all these panoramic view, there are also a number of temples and monuments at Kullu-Manali. The best time to visit Kullu Manali hill station situated at Himachal Pradesh is during the month of May, June, and September to November. This picnic spot is one of the most crowded one in India being the haven for adventure lovers, vacationers and honeymooners. Manali hill station is located at a height of 6398feet above sea level with intense cold climate. The temperature varies from 15 to 20 degree Celsius but it may even go below -5 during October to March. Rohtang Pass, Hidimba Temple, Maa Sharvari Temple, Solang Valley, Rahala Waterfalls, Rozy falls, Zana falls, Naggar, Monasteries, Manali Gompa are few of the major destinations at Kullu Manali. AMRITSAR Amritsar is a perfect tourist destination of India showcasing the compound traditions and secular culture of the nation. The city of Amritsar is also regarded as an important devout center for the presence of many enchanting temples. The glorious past, magnificent present and a hopeful future are well exhibited in the city of Amritsar. This fascinating land is titled as the jewel of Punjab for the prosperous depository of national heritage and religion. Amritsar is the largest and most important city of Punjab and is located 280 miles from Delhi. Amritsar is known for the prominent golden temple devoted to Sikh religion. The sacred tank surrounding the temple offers a lovely sight of the temple. The Durgiana temple situated earby is a partial replica of Golden temple dedicated to Goddess Durga. The Harike Wetland Lake is another prominent tourist destination of Amritsar which is declared as national wildlife sanctuary. The spot is formed on the point of confluence of the rivers Beas and Sutlej. Amritsar experiences a semi arid climate suitable for excursion on any time of the year. The Jallianwala bagh memorial commemorating the sacrifice of many lives is located near to Golden temple. Another prominent site is the Rambagh garden which is laid out in the pattern of Shalimar Bagh at Lahore. VARANASI Varanasi is an important Hindu pilgrim center of the country and is the oldest city of the world. Varanasi is the land of spiritualism, Indian philosophy, mysticism and Hinduism. These are well depicted in the prominent temples, numerous sects, Ashrams and Ghats. Along with Hinduism, other religions like Jainism and Buddhism is also practiced in this sacred land. The old Indian civilization is greatly reflected in Varanasi. The city is the home for many fairs and festivals all round the year in Varanasi which includes the prominent Bharat Milap, Kartik Purnima, Ganga Festival, Buddh Purnima, Ramlila, Panch Koshi Parikrama, Nakkatyya, Hanumat Jayanti and Mahashivratri. Varanasi is the city of Ghats associated with history dated back to centuries. Varanasi tourism reached its heights for both its historic and renowned pilgrimage significance. Varanasi also known as Banaras or Kashi has many prominent tourist destinations. The Ghats of Varanasi, Bharat Kala Museum, St. Marys church, Nan deshwar Kothi, Banaras Hindu university, Ram nagar Durg etc are few of the attractions. The pilgrimage spots of the city include Durga Temple, Bharat Mata Temple, Kashi Vishwanath Temple, and Tulsi Manas Temple. The adventure lovers can enjoy the beauty of nature and diversity of wildlife from the Chandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary and Kaimoor Wildlife Sanctuary.

Declaration Of Independence Essay -- essays research papers

The Declaration of Independence was written to show a new theory of government, reasons why they were separating from England, and a formal declaration of war. It gave the 13 colonies freedom from England's laws. The man responsible for writing the Declaration was Thomas Jefferson. He wrote the Declaration between June 11, 1776 and June 28, 1776. Benjamin Franklin and John Adams looked at what Jefferson had written and made some changes to the Declaration. On July 4, 1776 Congress adopted the Declaration and it was signed by: John Hancock, Button Gwinnett, Lyman hall, George Walton, Wm Hooper, Joseph Hewes, John Penn, Edward Rutledge, Thos Heyward Jr., Thomas Lynch Jr., Arthur Middleton, Samuel Chase, Thos. Stone , George Wythe, Charles Carrol of Carrollton, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison, Thos Nelson Jr., Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter Braxton, Robert Morris, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, John Morton, George Clymer Smith, George Taylor, James Wilson, Georg e Ross, Caesar Rodney, George Read, Tho M. Kean, Wm. Floyd, Phil. Livingston, Frans. Lewis, Lewis Morris, Richard Stockton, Jno.WItherspoon, Fras. Hopkinson, John Hart, Abraham Clark, Josiah Bartlett, Wm. Whipple, Samuel Adams, John Adams, Robert Treat Paine, Elbridge Gerry, Stephan Hopkins, William Ellery, Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, Wm. Williams, Oliver Wolcott, and Matthew Thorton. The reason people wanted the Declaration was because the people thought that they had the right to be free...